The Anatomy of the Gluteus Medius Muscle (2024)

The gluteus medius is one of the muscles on the side of your hip. It resides underneath your gluteus maximus muscle (buttocks muscle), and works with another small muscle, the gluteus minimus, to help support your hip.

The gluteus medius is especially important when it comes to rehabbing lower extremity injuries. Keeping your gluteus medius strong is also one of the most important ways to prevent running injuries.

This article takes a closer look at the anatomy and function of the gluteus medius muscle. It discusses some possible injuries that can affect the gluteus medius, as well as this muscle's importance in rehabilitation.

The Anatomy of the Gluteus Medius Muscle (1)

Gluteus Medius Anatomy

The gluteus medius originates on the external surface of the outside of the ilium (hip bone). It extends downward—narrowing as it goes—to insert on a rather large knob of bone located on the outside of the upper thigh bone called the greater trochanter.

If you visualize the gluteus medius muscle from the side, you'd see it as a fan shape that starts at the greater trochanter, where it looks a bit like a stem and widens up and out to cover the side of the hip bone in the area mentioned above.

The gluteus medius is one of several hip muscles—each in their own location and specialized action around the hip joint—that connects the thigh bone and the pelvis.

The gluteus medius is stimulated by the superior gluteal nerve that arises from lumbar levels four and five, and sacral level one.

The Anatomy of the Gluteus Medius Muscle (2)

Gluteus Medius Function

The function of the gluteus medius muscle is to work with other muscles on the side of your hip to help pull your thigh out to the side in a motion called hip abduction. The gluteus medius also serves to rotate your thigh.

The gluteus medius muscle is important in walking. When you arestanding on one foot and holding the other leg up in the air, the gluteus medius on the stance leg is very active in keeping your pelvis level.

For example, when walking and lifting your left leg up and forward, the right gluteus medius is contracting to keep your body level. Failure for this to happen may result in gait abnormalities and tipping sideways while walking.

Gluteus Medius Injuries

Injury to the gluteus medius is rare, but it can happen. Muscle and tendon tears might occur as a result of falling or playing sports.

A bursa, or fluid-filled sac, lies between the gluteal muscles and the bony prominence of your hip. Overusing your gluteus muscles can cause the bursa to become inflamed, resulting in a condition called trochanteric bursitis.

The gluteus medius may indirectly contribute to many other lower extremity problems. Weakness in this muscle group has been implicated in conditions such as:

  • Knee pain
  • Patellofemoral stress syndrome (PFSS)
  • Iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBS)
  • Hip pain

Weakness in your gluteus medius may cause your thigh to angle inwards and rotate abnormally during walking, running, and jumping. This may cause excessive stress through your knee and ankle and may place you at increased risk of injury if the weakness persists.

When this happens, your physical therapist may call it a collapsing kinetic chain, in which your entire knee turns and bends inwards like it is collapsing. Some refer to this as dormant butt syndrome. Your glutes (butt) are not working properly, and your leg is in a bad position.

Gluteus Medius Pain: What Are My Treatment Options?

Rehabilitation

If you are having hip pain, knee pain, or any other lower extremity problem, your physical therapist should include a muscular screening of the gluteal muscles. If weakness is identified, specific exercises can be initiated to improve the function of the gluteus medius.

These exercises may include:

  • Basic hip strengthening
  • Advanced hip strengthening exercises
  • Pelvic drop exercise

Learning how to use your glutes properly during high-level athletics that require jumping and quick motions is important, too.

Your physical therapist can teach you how to jump and land properly by using your glutes to keep your knees and ankles in the right position.

Hopping on one foot also requires strong hips and gluteal muscles, and your PT may incorporate this into your rehab program after a hip, knee, or ankle injury.

Speak with your healthcare provider or physical therapist before starting any exercise program to make sure it is safe for you.

10 Gluteus Medius Exercises for Stronger Hips and Buns

Summary

The gluteus medius is an important hip stabilizer that helps control the position of your pelvis, hips, knees, and ankles. Although gluteus medius injuries are rare, having weak gluteus medius muscles increase your risk for lower extremity injuries.

If you are having any lower extremity pain, check with your healthcare provider and then visit a physical therapist to start on the right treatment for you. Ask your PT to check your glutes and make sure that they are functioning properly to help you get back to your normal, pain-free activity level.

How to Treat Hip Bursitis

12 Sources

Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

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  2. Moore D, Semciw A, Pizzari T. A systematic review and meta-analysis of common therapeutic exercises that generate highest muscle activity in the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus segments. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2020 Dec;15(6):856-881. doi:10.26603/ijspt20200856

  3. Semciw A, Neate R, Pizzari T. Running-related gluteus medius function in health and injury: A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2016 Oct;30(1):98-110. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.06.005

  4. Beck M, Krüger A, Katthagen C, Kohl S. Osteotomy of the greater trochanter: effect on gluteus medius function. Surg Radiol Anat. 2015;37(6):599-607.

  5. Kędzia A, Dudek K, Ziajkiewicz M, et al. The morphometrical and topographical evaluation of the superior gluteal nerve in the prenatal period. PLoS One. 2022 Aug;17(8):e0273397. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0273397

  6. Macadam P, Cronin J, Contreras B. An examination of the gluteal muscle activity associated with dynamic hip abduction and hip external rotation exercise: A systematic review. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2015 Oct;10(5):573-591.

  7. Pirker W, Katzenschlager R. Gait disorders in adults and the elderly : Aclinical guide.Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2017;129(3-4):81–95. doi:10.1007/s00508-016-1096-4

  8. Saad A, McLoughlin E, Shekhar K, Almeer G, Azzopardi C, Botchu R. Gluteus medius muscle pathologies — A case series & pictorial review. J Orthop. 2020 Oct;21(1):270-274. doi:10.1016/j.jor.2020.03.023

  9. Buckthorpe M, Stride M, Villa FD. Assessing and treating gluteus maximus weakness - A clinical commentary.Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2019;14(4):655–669.

  10. Moon HB, Nam KY, Kwon BS, et al. Leg weakness caused by bilateral piriformis syndrome: A case report.Ann Rehabil Med. 2015;39(6):1042–1046. doi:10.5535/arm.2015.39.6.1042

  11. The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. Dormant butt syndrome may be to blame for knee, hip and back pain.

  12. Stastny P, Tufano JJ, Golas A, Petr M. Strengthening the Gluteus Medius Using Various Bodyweight and Resistance Exercises.Strength Cond J. 2016;38(3):91–101. doi:10.1519/SSC.0000000000000221

Additional Reading

The Anatomy of the Gluteus Medius Muscle (3)

By Brett Sears, PT
Brett Sears, PT, MDT, is a physical therapist with over 20 years of experience in orthopedic and hospital-based therapy.

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