Methods to Discover and Validate Biofluid-Based Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Dementias | Semantic Scholar (2024)

Blood biomarkers for amyloid pathology using improved immunoassay and mass spectrometry techniques have been an area of intense research for the last 10 years and are coming to the fore, as a real prospect to be used in the clinical diagnostics of the disease.

TBI-specific changes in acute plasma levels of proteins involved in amyloid processing, inflammatory and cellular processes such as autophagy were identified, demonstrating that processes previously only studied in animal models are also relevant in human TBI pathophysiology.

It is argued that redox-PTMs of proteins could be used in the future as diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.

Comprehensive immune profiling of CSF biomarkers in MS revealed distinct pathophysiological signatures associated with OCB status, and hold promise for improved diagnostic accuracy and insights into MS pathogenesis.

This work presents a workflow in the form of decision trees to computationally investigate biomarker candidates and their available affinity reagents in depth and can identify the most promising biomarkers for assay development while minimal time and effort is required.

A narrative review on the effects of alcohol consumption on dementia risk covers clinical diagnoses, epidemiology, neuropsychology, postmortem pathology, neuroimaging and other biomarkers, and translational studies, finding that alcohol misuse can increase the risk for dementia, but not necessarily Alzheimer’s disease.

Findings suggest that BDNF-specific aptamers could be used as an alternative to antibodies in diagnostic and detection assays for BDNF.

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The decision process to shortlist biomarkers from a proteomics to develop immunoassays or mass spectrometry assays for Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia is described and the approach to prepare the market implementation of novel biomarkers and assays is explained.

Recent data regarding biomarkers for Aβ and tau pathology, neurodegeneration, synaptic dysfunction, and inflammation are reviewed, the need for further research into common copathologies is highlighted, and how different biomarkers could be used to facilitate the development and clinical implementation of novel drug candidates against AD is suggested.

This review focuses on PTM-modified proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases and highlights the most important and recent breakthroughs in MS-based biomarker discovery.

Using a high-throughput multiplex CSF analysis coupled with a machine-learning statistical approach, novel biomarkers reflecting neuroinflammation in AD are identified.

AD biomarkers which can be reliably measured in CSF and plasma using targeted mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography (LC/MS/MS) and exploratory proteomics which seek to identify new biomarkers that can contribute to detection of co‐pathological processes that are common in sporadic AD are described.

How the new blood tests may be used in research and clinical practice, and what role they may play in relation to more established diagnostic tests, are discussed to facilitate the effective implementation of future disease-modifying therapies.

How the new blood tests may be used in research and clinical practice, and what role they may play in relation to more established diagnostic tests, are discussed to facilitate the effective implementation of future disease-modifying therapies.

A highly reproducible mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics workflow for the in‐depth analysis of CSF from minimal sample amounts is presented and a consistent glycolytic signature across cohorts and a recent study suggests clinical utility of this proteomic signature.

Although the 3 assays target different epitopes on neurogranin and have different calibrators, the high correlations and the similar group differences suggest that the different forms of neuro granin in CSF carry similar diagnostic information, at least in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.

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